中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
人工智能专利助力智慧城市建设与转型****** 近日,国家工业信息安全发展研究中心、工信部电子知识产权中心发布了《AI创新链产业链融合发展赋能数字经济新时代—中国人工智能专利技术分析报告(2022)》(以下简称“报告”)。报告显示,随着人工智能、大数据、5G、物联网等新一代信息技术的快速发展和应用,从交通到文旅,从安防到家居,人工智能等新一代信息技术正在逐渐改变着人们的生活,也使智慧城市的建设得以实现,并正逐渐向数字化、智能化新模式发展。 截至2022年9月,我国智慧城市领域申请AI相关专利共计18万余件,其中发明专利占比约90%,主要涉及知识图谱、计算机视觉、大数据、自然语言处理、智能语音和智能云等相关AI技术。报告显示,百度公司、腾讯公司、国家电网、平安科技专利申请数量均超过1900件,形成了一定的专利技术产业化竞争力。与此同时,浙江大学、清华大学两所高校在该领域表现也较为突出,在智慧城市领域的AI专利申请量均达900余件,通过产学研联合发力,为智慧城市领域创新链的发展提供全新的维度和方案。 图1 中国智慧城市AI专利申请量和授权量 报告显示,依据“创造力”、“保护力”、“运用力”、“竞争力”、“影响力”五大指标维度对智慧城市AI技术的主要创新主体进行高价值专利及其创新驱动力评价,我国企业申请人优势明显,有7家企业和3所国内一流高校得分相对较高,足见该领域人工智能技术产业端应用相对较为成熟。 在企业层面,我国一批互联网、科技企业表现较为突出,通过人工智能技术的研发积累,在各自领域为赋能智慧城市建设奠定了坚实的技术基础,推动了其智慧城市产品的开发和应用。百度公司主要围绕计算机视觉、自然语言处理、知识图谱等多个AI基础技术领域进行专利布局,与北京市海淀区携手打造的“海淀城市大脑”,依托飞桨深度学习平台,构建兼容异构算力设备和多元算法模型的AI计算中心,提供基础算力和算法资源的统一集中管理、按需分配,支撑了50余个城市管理领域的AI应用创新。腾讯公司则瞄准数字政务、城市治理、城市决策和产业互联等相关技术领域布局专利,与长沙市依托“WeCity未来城市”平台,联手打造长沙智慧城市能力核心——“长沙城市超级大脑”,支撑全市各级各部门数据需求,快速支撑人工智能场景,以标准化、智能化方式提升各级政府办事、办公效率。国家电网主要围绕电力管理与检测领域技术进行专利布局,其推出的“智慧城市大脑”综合应用服务产品,以电力数据为核心、融合汇聚城市经济、人口、楼市等多元化城市数据,持续推进城市经济监测分析、人口流动分析、疫情影响监测分析、住宅空置监测分析等智能场景的部署运营。华为公司主要围绕计算机视觉、自然语言处理等多个AI基础技术领域进行专利布局,其参与的数字福州建设,通过构建共性能力平台,赋能各垂直部委信息化系统建设,在减少重复性建设投资的同时,发挥数据融合价值,加速智慧城市建设。 在高校创新端,我国一批国内重点高校表现突出,研究领域涉及智能感知、安防监控、数据管理、城市规划、智慧政务、灾害模拟等,通过产学研合作,建立联合实验室、创新平台和创新中心,与企业开展共同研发,校企联合发力,共同攻关,赋能我国智慧城市试点建设,为城市管理构建成熟的“智慧大脑”与完整的“神经网络”,推动城市管理各环节的互联互通,助力未来城市建设发展模式的深刻变化。浙江大学重点围绕城乡规划、社会综治、数据治理等应用领域进行专利布局,并于2010年与国脉互联公司联合成立我国首个“智慧城市研究中心”,校企联合共同推动我国智慧城市快速发展。清华大学围绕深度学习、计算机视觉等技术领域布局专利,2019年与广联达公司共建“数字城市实验室”,共同推动新型智慧城市建设。 (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |