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台积电四处建厂现隐忧，台媒：离开体系和人才，成功模式难复制******

　　【环球时报驻德国特约记者 青木 环球时报记者 王冬 陈立非 宋毅】今年下半年以来，台积电在欧美日的产能布局步入“快车道”，引发岛内愈发强烈的“掏空台芯片产业链”质疑。法国广播电台23日报道称，台积电近来被传出考虑在德国设立其欧洲首座芯片工厂。为应对美国及日本新设产能的需求，台积电已经不断外派工程师前往支持。有业者表示，台积电未来若再前往德国投资设厂，人力方面恐将更加吃紧，营运获利压力也会因此进一步升高。

　　员工负荷量恐“破表”

　　23日，日本资深国会议员关芳弘透露，台积电斥资86亿美元在日本熊本县建厂之后，正考虑在日本兴建第二座工厂，熊本厂预计明年下半年落成启用。台积电在美国的产能布局也在加快落实。台积电日前公布一项耗资400亿美元的规划，扩建和升级该公司正在凤凰城建设的美国生产中心。此次在美设厂计划共分两期：第一期预计2024年量产5纳米和4纳米芯片；第二期则是更先进的3纳米芯片，预计2026年量产。

　　台湾《工商时报》24日分析称，自2021年下半年以来，就多次传出台积电将前往德国设厂的消息，但距离真正投资仍有很多困难需要解决。台湾《经济日报》认为，台积电布局欧洲面临三大挑战，包括客户真实需求、基础设施资源、人力/工程师人员调度。《联合报》24日报道称，台积电赴德国设厂，未来恐将像美国建厂项目那样，面临成本高、人才招募困难和相关先进材料供应不足等艰巨考验。还有台媒直言，台积电员工的负荷量会不会“破表”也是个问题。台积电超过5万名工程师中，有约500人连同家眷到美国协助建厂。日本新厂也需要再调度500—600人。

　　展示“深耕台湾”决心

　　台积电近来频繁的海外投资，在岛内引发“掏空台湾芯片产业”的质疑。台积电总裁魏哲家近日对此表示，半导体产业用的是脑力，在大部分地区都有工程师不足的情况，并不是工厂搬到哪个地方，那个地方就会发展茂盛。

　　另据台湾《财讯》报道，日本自民党参议员三宅伸吾近日声称，台积电在日本生产的是落后最新制程两三个世代的技术产品，而且台积电在台湾地区以外生产的量，只占总产量的一成左右，仍有八九成留在台湾。

　　为展示所谓“深耕台湾”的决心，台积电将于12月29日在南科晶圆18厂举行3纳米量产暨扩厂典礼。根据台积电官网信息，台积电立足台湾在全球广设厂区，目前拥有4座12英寸超大晶圆厂、4座8英寸晶圆厂和1座6英寸晶圆厂。

　　成功模式难复制

　　通信行业资深专家项立刚对《环球时报》记者表示，台积电在日本、欧洲等地进行生产布局，实际上成本是很高的。欧洲和日本的芯片制造都已经衰落得非常厉害。台积电一个企业想改变这种经济大势，很难做得到。

　　岛内舆论也对台积电产能布局充满疑虑。《工商时报》22日发表社论称，长期以来台湾就有生产资源“五缺”问题，半导体产能外迁是迟早的事，但此次台积电赴美设厂完全是基于地缘政治的决策。文章称，台积电赴美建厂，生产离开台半导体生态体系和人才，很难复制过去的成功模式。

　　(环球时报)

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）